Tundra




 * All tundra’s have extremely cold climate with Low biotic diversity, simple vegetation structure’s, Limitation of drainage, Short growth and reproduction season’s plus, Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material.**
 * The tundra is located around the North Pole in the Arctic Circle. For most of the year it is covered in snow. In the short summers, the snow and ice melt to leave pools of melted water. The layer of earth beneath the tundra is frozen all year long. This is called the permafrost. Industrial activity in the tundra may add to the world's environmental problems. Dust and grime make the ice darker, so less heat is reflected from the ice and global warming is increased.**

Birds - Arctic loons, snowy owls, falcons, ptarmigans, ravens, snow buntings, snow birds, snow geese , sandpipers, Arctic terns , tundra swans, many species of gulls. Fish - cod, flatfish, salmon, trout Insects - Arctic bumblebees, blackflies, flies, grasshoppers, mosquitoes,. and moths** · Arctic Willow · Bearberry · Caribou Moss · Diamond-leaf Willow · Labrador Tea · Pasque Flower · Tufted Saxifrage **
 * Mammals - Arctic foxes, Arctic hares, caribou , ermine , lemmings , musk oxen, polar bears , porcupines, Arctic shrews, squirrels, voles, weasels, wolves.
 * Plants **
 * · <span style="color: #003300; font-family: 'Bodoni MT','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msobidifontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">Arctic Moss

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Bodoni MT','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">**The tundra is a bleak and treeless place. It is cold through all months of the year Summer is a brief period of milder climates when the sun shines almost 24 hours a day. It has been called "the land of the midnight sun". But even the sun can't warm the tundra much. The short summer lasts only 6 to 10 weeks. It never gets any warmer than 45 or 50° F. The warmer weather causes a layer of permafrost, ice that never goes away in the ground, to melt, creating bogs and shallow lakes that don't drain. They breed stinging insects, which make life even in the summer miserable for the inhabitants of the tundra. The wind blows constantly, whipping around the small plants.** = = =__TUNDRA ANIMALS__ ARCTIC FOX:=




 * The Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) makes its home in small burrows in frost-free ground, often in low mounds, or in rock piles. Because the Arctic fox is a scavenger it can usually find food to eat. Sometimes the fox will follow Polar bears or other predators and feed off the remains they leave behind.

The Arctic fox is about 10 -16 inches long and weighs about 6-12 pounds. It is about the size of an ordinary domesticated house cat. It has short legs a long bushy tail that it uses as insulation by wrapping it around itself when sleeping. Its long hair is white in the winter, and "blue" or gray in the summer. Its head has a stubby muzzle, small ears, and large eyes. Its feet are lined with fur, which helps it conserve heat. The Arctic fox has adapted a stealthy movement due to its predatory nature. ** =GRIZZY BEAR:    Most bears are found in North America and Eurasia. Grizzlies are found on the Alaskan and northwestern Canadian tundra. They are considered a subspecies of the brown bear. Most grizzly bears are found in the northwestern part of North America. The grizzly bear's habitat can include forests, mountains, meadows, and valleys. =  Grizzly bears have amazing physical strength and are surprisingly fast over short distances. They are very aggressive and have no trouble driving away predators like wolves and mountain lions. The grizzly also has a great sense of smell.